MINUTES OF THE VIRGINIA STATE BAR/
VIRGINIA BAR ASSOCIATION
JOINT COMMISSION TO STUDY MULTIDISCIPLINARY PRACTICE

Tuesday, February 27, 2001
Virginia State Bar - 2nd Floor Conference Room
Richmond, Virginia


The VSB/VBA Joint Commission on Multidisciplinary Practice met in the Second Floor Conference Room of the Eighth & Main Building in Richmond, Virginia, on Tuesday, February 27, 2001, commencing at 10:00 a.m.

Commission members in attendance were:

John A. C. Keith, Chair
Leigh B. Middleditch *
Theodore I. Brenner
Robert C. Nusbaum
John D. Epps
Craig L. Rascoe
Paul E. Fletcher
Thomas E. Spahn
Donna D. Lange
Frank A. Thomas, III
Jeffrey G. Lenhart
Clark H. Worthy
Howard McElroy *
James M. McNider, III

Unable to attend were:

Ann T. Burks Nina E. Olson
Brian V. Ebert Gary T. Piacentini
Heman Marshall Robert C. Wood, III

Also attending were:

Thomas A. Edmonds, VSB Executive Director
James M. McCauley, VSB Ethics Counsel
Leslie A. T. Haley, VSB Assistant Ethics Counsel

* Attended by phone


Seminars and Speaking Engagements.

  1. BLI Seminars. John Keith reminded the group of the upcoming programs at the Bar Leaders Institute conferences on March 12, 2001, at the University of Richmond, and March 19, 2001, at Hollins University in Roanoke. The presentations will begin at 10:30 a.m. at both locations with Mr. Keith, Mr. Spahn and Mr. McCauley presenting in Richmond, and Mr. Keith, Mr. Marshall and Mr. McCauley presenting in Roanoke. Mr. Keith encouraged the commission members to attend these programs, but emphasized the greater importance of attending the March 20, 2001 MDP meeting. Representatives from the Virginia broadcasting community will participate in the March meeting.

  2. VBA Annual Meeting. Mr. Keith spoke briefly about the presentation at the VBA Annual Meeting in Williamsburg in January, 2001. The audience in Williamsburg seemed receptive to the concept of MDP. Mr. Keith indicated that a reporter from the Virginia Business magazine interviewed him, Mr. Spahn and Mr. McCauley.

  3. CLE Presentations. Ms. Haley will participate in a CLE program on MDP for the Virginia State Bar's International Practice Section in April, 2001. Mr. McCauley has been asked to present a program in June for the Richmond Bar Association.
II Reports from Subcommittees.

  1. Impact of MDP on Solo and Small Firm Practices. Mr. Lenhart announced that Jack White, an Abingdon attorney, has been added to this subcommittee. The subcommittee has concluded that MDP definitely affects small firm and solo practitioners. In contrast to large firms, the defining characteristics of small firms are often made by types of practice. Generally, the client base is less informed and less sophisticated. Clients of small and solo practices are cost conscious and are not frequent users of legal services. Nevertheless, the advantages of MDP might resonate well with this type of client. On the other hand, these clients may be more vulnerable to abuse absent the appropriate regulatory framework. The subcommittee did not discern any meaningful distinction between urban versus rural firms. The subcommittee observed that perhaps a general practitioner may not have enough volume of work to justify a formal affiliation with a regulated nonlawyer professional group. Perhaps a boutique firm may have a greater need to formally affiliate with nonlegal professionals to fulfill a component of their practice. The subcommittee expressed concern about unregulated businesses performing legal services, as such a development would pose a more formidable obstacle for the solo practitioner, who would find himself competing with the advertising and marketing prowess of the likes of Wal-Mart or First Union.

  2. Publicity/Media. Donna Lange reported on her efforts to coordinate matters for the March 20 meeting. She has invited representatives from the broadcast industry to discuss how the commission might effectively communicate with the public and the legal community concerning its observations and recommendations. These representatives have reviewed the article published in the Virginia Lawyers Weekly under Mr. Keith's name. These representatives feel that article is too complicated and too long. They consider our material dry and recommend the commission's message be broken down into simple bullet points. Ms. Lange reported she has been working with Ginger Stanley, Doug Easterly and Charlotte Evans, who are affiliated with the Virginia Broadcasters Association. She has also been working with Amy Caputo, a public relations specialist with the law firm of Williams, Mullen, Clark & Dobbins. Discussion ensued about using public communication to dispel erroneous assumptions about MDP. For example, the concept that MDP is "not about accountants practicing law," or "this is just the bar caving in again."
III Discussion of Commission's Report

Mr. Keith initiated discussion on whether a consensus has been formed about MDP. Mr. Keith reviewed the options: 1) do nothing; 2) rigorously enforce UPL and the Rules of Professional Conduct; or 3) attempt to regulate MDP.

Mr. Thomas observed that the issue of UPL enforcement is present in each of the options, and presented two questions: 1) how do you level the playing field? and 2) will the accounting profession allow the legal profession to regulate them? Mr. Keith responded that the large accounting firms seem to be trying to operate within our system. Their activity is limited in that they are handling mainly tax matters and not drafting documents. Mr. Middleditch commented that with respect to UPL enforcement, the bar must be able to justify such regulation to the public. If legal services can be performed more efficiently through MDP, some may argue that the regulation of the MDP should be left to the marketplace and the civil justice system. Mr. Middleditch observed that in Sweden there are no UPL rules, only a prohibition against a nonlawyer holding himself out as a lawyer. Mr. Nusbaum warned that the public should not be made to perceive that MDP is for the benefit of lawyers rather than the benefit of the public. The focus, of course, is on legal ethics. Should we bend our ethics rules to yield to the business goals of others? What happens to the public or the protection of clients if MDP is permitted? In short, the basic question is, how do we protect the public, not how do we prevent competition.

Mr. Thomas expressed the opinion that it is a mistake to think only in terms of the Big Five. There is a massive, global consolidation of financial and professional services, and Mr. Thomas questioned whether the organized bar has the budget or the will to fight these financial giants. Regarding Mr. Middleditch's remark about the civil justice system as an enforcement tool, Mr. Thomas observed that under the ABA Rules of Professional Conduct the ethics rules may serve as a legal/civil liability standard. Mr. Spahn remarked, however, that the Virginia Rules of Professional Conduct are just the opposite, in that there is express language in the preamble indicating that the RPCs are not to be used as standards of care in legal malpractice cases. This is consistent with case law in Virginia.

Mr. Spahn observed that whatever recommendation we make, we must be mindful that this recommendation may or may not be approved by VSB Council. It may prove very difficult to convince Bar Council to make significant changes in the Rules of Professional Conduct or the Unauthorized Practice Rules.

Mr. Keith remarked that a fully integrated MDP would be a problem if lawyers working in accounting firms are permitted to represent clients in court. For purposes of discussion at this meeting, Mr. Keith suggested that we take the fully integrated model off the table. Instead, he asked the group to consider the command and control model where professional services by nonlawyers are incidental to the practice of law. This is the DC version of Rule 5.4. Under this model, the lawyers would be able to represent clients in court. On the other hand, lawyers working in a fully integrated MDP would increase the risk, particularly in litigation, of breaching core values. Mr. Middleditch added that in our public relations efforts, the commission should "sell and brand" the core values. In addition, issues concerning UPL enforcement should be addressed and not overlooked.

For purposes of discussion, Mr. Keith raised the possibility that lawyers practicing in a fully integrated MDP, such as an accounting firm, could receive a limited license that would enable them to perform all the transactional work, but would not allow them to represent clients in court. The core values in the litigation setting is "where the rubber meets the road." Mr. Rascoe offered his view that the question remains of whether a lawyer can exercise independent judgment, and he felt here should be only one license - either you are a lawyer or your are not.

Discussion ensued about the proposed litigation restriction on lawyers working in fully integrated MDPs. No consensus evolved as to whether this proposal would work. Everyone agreed to the basic premise that if MDP is good for the public, then it should be allowed and regulated under an appropriate framework. On the other hand, if MDP does not advance the interests of clients, then it should be restricted or prohibited.

Further discussion revolved around three basic types of MDPs: 1) the solely integrated model; 2) the command and control model; and 3) the lawyer-owned model, where lawyers have a majority equity in the firm.

There was discussion about how the commission would go about writing a report. Mr. Spahn suggested that the commission obtain all the pro-MDP reports from other states as a starting point. Mr. Keith envisions that each subcommittee will offer some content for the report. There was discussion about whether the report should make a detailed recommendation or should be general and conceptual. The consensus was that the first report to Bar Council should be conceptual and not make any specific recommendations.

IV Adjournment

The commission concluded its discussion and adjourned the meeting. The commission will reconvene on Tuesday, March 20, 2001, at 10:00 a.m.


 

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